Future Research Directions on Tech-Enabled Alternative Education for OOSCY in Southeast Asia

Drawing on evidence gathered across Cambodia, Indonesia, Thailand, and the Philippines, the brief identifies four regional research priorities: 1) generating quantitative evidence on learning outcomes across tech-enabled approaches; 2) strengthening longitudinal evidence on completion pathways and learner motivation; 3) building the economic case for financial sustainability and return on investment; and 4) examining EdTech effectiveness and protection risks in emergency and fragile contexts. The brief also presents nine programme-specific priorities from Thailand's Inclusive Education Foundation (InEd) and the Philippines' Alternative Learning System (ALS), covering areas such as educational access for OOSCY in border communities, digital equity in last-mile settings, real-time data monitoring, gamification, learning modality effectiveness, implementer digital literacy, computer-based assessment feasibility, digital citizenship integration, and ICT infrastructure financing.